Three‑dimensional models to study breast cancer (Review)

Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly occurring and primary cause of cancer‑related mortality in women worldwide. Investigations into BC have been conducted vitro vivo models. Of these models, cultivation tumor cell lines two‑dimensional models widely employed model to study physiology. However, this approach does not accurately all aspects observed tumors. To address limitations, three‑dimensional (3D) developed. In these, it possible reproduce interaction between cells extracellular matrix, as well interrelationship stromal cells, order replicate interactions within 3D environment The present review summarizes common used BC, including spheroid organ‑on‑a‑chip hydrogel bio‑printed with a discussion their particular advantages limitations.